We analyzed the effects of grade, gender, and extracurricular activities on career adaptability among students at the Faculty of Human Health Science in order to understand and elucidate the career development of university students. We distributed a questionnaire to 509 students (333 responded, response rate: 65.4%). A factorial analysis of variance was performed to evaluate career adaptability based on grade type. However, Career adaptability of grade 2 students was significantly lower than others. Furthermore, career adaptability scores were evaluated using the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CA), Career Resilience Scale (CR), and Career Indecision Scale (CI). Multiple regression analysis with CA, CR, and CI scores as dependent variables, while controlling for grade, gender, and extracurricular activities, revealed that extracurricular activities are a significant predictor of CA, CR, and CI sub-scales. Consequently, our study demonstrates that extracurricular activities based on multidisciplinary education are an effective factor to facilitate the career adaptability development of the target population. It is also pivotal to consider support that caters to the needs of university students to aid them in career development.