The birth rate has been showing an alarming decline these years. It poses a question of how to maintain the quality and quantity of the population. Also at stake is the question of how to support working women. The authors interviewed 1249 mothers who have babies in Hiroshima in 1992. The objective of the interview was to find out the working rate among them，necessary conditions for them to keep working，their opinions on the Child-Care Leave Law and so on. Most of them answered they had been working full-time before marriage，but the present number of full-time workers was only 10%. More than 80% of the housewives who worked full-time until marriage are considering to resume working in the future. As for the necessary conditions for full-time workers to continue or for those who consider to resume in the future to realize it， more than 20% voiced their requests for child-care services within workplaces， leaves for tending to sick children，shorter work-hours leaving more time for parenting，active employment of women who left work for mothering，five-day-work-week system，longer nursery services with improved staff and smaller fees. With a further decline of the birth rate anticipated in the future，the survey rusaults indicate the increasing importance of the improvement of social supporting systems for woking mothers，such as child-care leaves and nursery schools，as well as the improvement of child welfare systems.