In the streams of decentralization，local governments are asked to think out their policy-making efficiently. On the other hand, the central government has to select the national policies and to allocate the budget not by means of a uniform allocation policy，but based on the actual conditions of each region. The first purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference in efficiency when we change the combination and/or the weight of political categories，reflecting each region's productive resource stocks and characteristics. Secondly，the paper shows how we can optimize the fiscal allocation，considering each region's productive resource stocks and characteristics，using the results of calculation to determine the efficiency of agricultural investment. The results of these analyses show that the policy-making which takes regional characteristics into consideration is more efficient and rational than that of a uniform allocation policy. This analysis will be extended to include other policy selections in the national and local budgets excluding a pure public goods.