This paper reinterpreted participatory media education as a political project to change the framework of media education. In media education, media literacy should not just be a matter of individual responsibility, although this is what media literacy is often taken to mean. Media literacy should be a matter of communication.
　First, we focused on the concept of the public sphere in J. Habermas, and we clarify the sequence between his theory and citizenship education. Following these, political actors (citizenship) are formed through language communication, while normative consciousness is also built socially.
　However, as far as language-centered media education is concerned, we are at risk of eliminating minorities and considering about media education without thinking of minorities. This paper sought a way of cultural formation using media other than languages according to the perspective of P. Gilroy’s view. According to him, British blacks form cultures using not only languages but also instruments, analog records. We focused on the representation of “race” drawn by Gilroy and reinterpreted Buckingham’s educational practice.
　Gilroy proposed the possibility of constructing another public sphere through cultural work, not a public sphere like Habermas. This is not the possibility of reflecting on their own media experience or media use at the individual level but the possibility of building normative consciousness with others through cultural work. This paper revealed that Buckingham’s attempt has the possibility of constructing a new public sphere.