This study aimed to investigate physical therapy students’ perception of the outcome of clinical clerkship. The subjects were 34 physical therapy students who had completed their vocational college’s clinical clerkship program. They were divided into two groups according to the overall outcome of their clinical clerkship: big-outcome group (BOG) and medium-outcome group (MOG). By comparing the specific outcomes of the two groups based on a Likert-scale questionnaire, it was found that the BOG experienced bigger outcomes than the MOG with regard to intervention skills, intervention knowledge, evaluation skills, evaluation knowledge, and motivation to become a physical therapist. According to the semi-structured questionnaire, many students in the BOG experienced the outcome of understanding a physical therapist’s thought process. On the other hand, in the MOG, no student experienced this outcome, although many students experienced it while attending to patients. In the MOG, students did not adequately acquire the knowledge and skills of physical therapy, so they did not experience the outcome of understanding a physical therapist’s thought process.