本論文の目的は雲南省及び内モンゴル自治区における農村調査に主として依拠して、農業構造論の視点から中国における農村労働力移動に関する二つの類型を提示することにある。雲南省農村に関する分析の結果、育児を親族で共同で分担しあうという慣行と均分相続を基礎とする兄弟間のフラットな関係性がこの地域の出稼ぎに、兄弟での出稼ぎ、夫婦での出稼ぎ、単独の出稼ぎ等の多様性を与えている点が明らかになった。同時にこれらの慣行と関係性が若年期の出稼ぎをともないつつも、定住の道を農家世帯員に選択させている点も明らかになった。また、この地域の農村労働力に開かれた労働市場は、都市での経済的自立には不安定な状況を呈しており、上述の慣行・関係性と相まって、この地域の世帯の安定性をもたらしている。さらに、労働力が急速に流出し還流せず、世帯数が減少し残された農家の農地の規模拡大が進行している内モンゴル自治区の農村について検討を行った。彼らの離村先は、村に定住する前に彼ら一族にとってゆかりのあった土地であることが多く、労働力流出の急速な変化を導くひとつの大きな要因として、定住前に形成された村外ネットワークの存在を指摘した。

The objective of this study is to show two types of labor migration in rural areas in China from the viewpoint of the agricultural structure theory, mainly based on our investigation of rural areas in Nei Mongol-district and Yunnan-sheng. The results of analysis of the rural areas in Yunnan-sheng revealed（1）the custom in which family members and relatives work together in childcare, and（2） the equal relationship between siblings based on equal succession rights. It has been clarified that these two factors create various types of migrant workers, including sibling migrant workers, husband and wife migrant workers, and single migrant workers. It has also become clear that the two factors contribute to the choice of settlement in rural areas by many farming households even if many migrate to cities when they were young. In addition, the labor market open to these rural
laborers is unstable for them to become economically independent in cities, and this, combined with the above two factors, brings about the settlement of farming households in rural areas. We also investigated the rural areas in Nei Mongol district where many laborers migrate
rapidly to urban areas and do not return, thereby decreasing the number of households and markedly increasing the number of farmlands left in rural areas. Many of the laborers tend to migrate to areas where their families have been associated with before settling in rural areas. One signifi cant factor behind this rapid labor outflow is the extra-area network that had been formed prior to their settlement in rural areas.