Yuval Noah Harari says that it is thanks to language that Homo sapiens can create fictions, which enable it to cooperate collectively and establish civilizations, which other animals do not have. In short, he insists that language has made Homo sapiens what it is now. Can language produce fictions as he thinks? Some linguists such as Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky and B. L. Whorf deny that words refer to things in the world. In other words, they insist that things do not exist in advance of language. If this idea is correct, then it leads to that language can create fictions as Harari says. Has language enabled Homo sapiens to produce fictions and thereby to cooperate collectively and to establish civilizations?