This study was conducted from the viewpoint of an increase in people who want to play was a goalkeeper, which was one of the issues on goalkeeper development in Japan. In this study, I focused on a relationship between “instructions” that goalkeepers gave during a game and the positive feelings towards a goalkeeper, and the purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively consider this relationship among goalkeepers under 12 years old. The survey respondents were 46 goalkeepers under 12 years old. I analyzed the video and sound materials made by synchronizing video of soccer games with instructions by goalkeepers.
In addition, I conducted interviews with the 46 goalkeepers to analyze their instructions. I categorized them by the positive feelings towards a goalkeeper into 3 groups; 25 of them were in the upper group, 13 were in the middle group and 8 were in the lower group. The results are shown below.
1) The number of utterances and instructions of the upper group was significantly higher than that of the middle group and the lower group.
2) As for the positons and areas that the goalkeeper gave instructions about, the goalkeepers in the lower group gave instructions for the players close by them more frequently than those in the upper group and the middle group. Also, as for the timing of instructions form the goalkeepers and the targets of instructions, they gave more instructions at “off-play” and “the players who touch a soccer ball indirectly”.
3) As regards the details of the instructions of the goalkeepers, the goalkeepers in all 3 groups give instructions for “the players who touch a soccer ball directly” at “on-play”, that is “requirement of a direct play” (an instruction for offense) and “approach” (an instruction for defense). Also they give instructions for “the players who touch a soccer ball indirectly”, that is “requirement of catching a pass” and “modification of a position” (an instruction for offense) and “confirmation of a mark” and “modification and confirmation of a position” (an instruction for defense).
From these results, as for goalkeeper development under 12 years old, it seems that, for the lower group, a coaching to become aware of a tactical part, namely an instruction from a goalkeeper, is necessary.
In addition, for the upper group, I expect that their ability of an instruction can improve when they are required to give a high-quality instruction for “the players who touch a soccer ball indirectly”.