As often as the United States extended commercial relations with the sugar islands such as Hawaii, Cuba or the Philippines, and later acquired or controlled these islands, American refiners usually opposed the full annexation of these islands, for free trade of refined sugar would pose a threat to the refiners, including possibility of a shift of the refining industry to the cane-growing territories. Given the technologies at that time, it was natural for sugar manufactures to continue processing raw sugar into refined sugar. To prevent such an industry shift, therefore, the United States refining industry needed a tariff walls on refined sugar, and it also needed to keep the new regions outside the tariff walls of the United States. Even the refining monopoly zealously defended the division of labor that restricted the industrial process of sugar refining to the metropolitan United States and limited the sugar islands to the production of raw sugar.

原著

Original

国立情報学研究所で電子化