5 歳時の発達を記録した年中児を小学校 1 年生まで追跡し，幼児期後半の発達の状態と就学後の学校適応との 関係を調査した。年中時で発達に課題を有した児の小学校 1 年生の学校適応状態を検証した。その結果，年中時 に質問応答に課題があった場合には，就学後の学習面で配慮を要することが分かった。また，年中時に行動面と 発達面もしくは質問応答に課題があった場合には，就学後も行動面への配慮を要した。一方，年中時に行動面の み課題があった場合には，就学後は問題を呈することはなかった。また，年中時に発達に大きな課題を有してい ない児でもルール理解の悪さ等の特徴がみられた場合には，就学後に学習面で配慮を要する子どももいた。さら に，年中時と小学校 1 年時の行動面を比較した結果，年中から小学校 1 年の間では 5 分の 1 の子が問題を呈する 行動項目や，小学校 1 年で問題行動が増加する項目もあり，行動項目別に就学前後で配慮した関わりの必要性が 示唆された。

To clarify the relationship between the developmental status during the second period of infancy and adaptability after elementary school enrollment, the development of children at 5 years of age was recorded, and they were followed up until the first year at elementary school. Among these children, the adaptability of those who had developmental challenges during the second year of nursery school was examined during the first year of elementary school. Children who had diffi culty in correctly answering questions during the second year of nursery school required learning considerations after elementary school enrollment. Children who had both behavioral and developmental challenges or diffi culty in correctly answering questions during the second year at nursery school also required behavioral considerations after elementary school enrollment, whereas those who only had behavioral challenges during the second year at nursery school did not have any problems thereafter. Furthermore, among children without any major developmental challenges during the second year of nursery school, some who had exhibited specifi c characteristics, such as diffi culty in understanding rules, required learning considerations after elementary school enrollment. On comparison of behaviors during the second year of nursery school and during the fi rst year of elementary school, one-fi fth of all children had problems in some behavioral domains within this period or problematic behaviors were increasingly observed during the fi rst year of elementary school in some domains, suggesting the necessity of comparing behaviors in each category before and after elementary school enrollment.

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